Abnormalities of the adrenal gland can also be caused by the diseases of the adrenal gland such as infections and tumours in the adrenal gland. Adrenal gland disorders can occur when the pituitary gland fails to control the hormone production by the adrenal glands. The pituitary gland is the gland that controls the adrenal gland, since it is also a part of the endocrine system. When these hormones are secreted, they increase the heart rate, there is an increased blood flow to the muscles and brain, and also assist in sugar metabolism and maintain the blood pressure. These hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands in physically or emotionally stressful situations, to give additional energy to the body to bear the strain. The main hormone produced by the medulla is adrenaline and noradrenaline. The medulla produces hormones that initiate the fight or flight response. The adrenal glands’ inner part is the medulla. Androgens are weak male hormones that play an important role in the early development of male sex organs in childhood and female hair during puberty.
Cortisol also controls the sleep and wake cycle. The glucocorticoids mainly consist of the hormone cortisol that helps in controlling the body’s use of fats, carbohydrates and proteins, increases blood sugar, suppresses inflammation, and also helps in regulating the metabolism. The mineralocorticoids help in regulation of blood pressure and maintain the electrolyte balance in the body.
The three main hormones that are produced by the cortex are, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens.
Each of these zones produce different hormones. The outer part of the adrenal gland, the cortex forms the larger part of the gland and is further divided into three zones, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.
The adrenal glands are responsible for producing hormones that help in regulating our metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress, and other very essential functions. 3D Medical Animation still showing Adrenal Glands Functions
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